Turabian is the popular name of a format for the writing style of research papers, (such as the arrangement and punctuation of footnotes and bibliographies). The full title of the handbook is A manual for writers of term papers, theses and dissertations, but it is usually referred to by the name of its author, Kate L. Turabian, who developed it for the University of Chicago.
Turabian style
Except for a few minor differences, it is essentially the same as The Chicago Manual of Style, but it is very different from the styles that are preferred by other institutions such as the The MLA style manual (MLA) and the APA style (APA).
An obvious difference is that the Turabian system allows for footnotes or endnotes instead of the inline citations that are preferred in the MLA, APA, and Bluebook systems (Turabian also has guidelines for inline, parenthetical references). However, Turabian's key contrast with the APA style is that it was developed specifically for the purpose of being used in papers written for a class and not for publication; whereas APA was originally developed by the American Psychological Association as a system for use in writing intended for publication in professional journals.
Academic fields which often rely on the Turabian style include History and theology.
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