Phacops rana is a species of trilobite from the middle Devonian period. They are found cheifly in the northeastern US and in Morocco, in Africa.
Physiology
Phacops rana can be recognized by its large eyes (which remind some of a frog's -- the specific name rana is a reference to a common frog), its fairly large size (up to 6 inches long), and its habit of rolling up into a ball like a pill bug. In order to protect themselves from predators, Phacops rana, would roll into a ball with their hard exoskeleton on the outside as protection. Many other trilobites have adopted the same feature, but Phacops rana nearly perfected it. The slightest amount of sediment would trigger their senses, and Phacops rana would be hidden in a tiny shelter made of its own body. Although this safety feature often helped them to evade predators, occasionally it backfired and the trilobite would be buried under heavy sediment. Their fossils can still be found in balled up positions 400 million years later.
Fossilisation
Phacops rana is found both in the northeastern US and in Morocco, in Africa. This can be explained by the fact that North America was attached to the African plate during the Devonian.
Because of its abundance and popularity with collectors, Phacops rana was designated the Pennsylvania state fossil by the state's General Assembly on December 5, 1988.
Phacopid Eyes
The most striking feature of the morphology of Phacops and its relatives were their eyes. These differed from the eyes of most trilobites in having comparatively few lenses spaced between deep sclera. The lenses themselves were very rounded instead of largely flat. The eyes were mounted on turret-like structures which could swivel, providing the animal with an almost 360 degree field of view. This type of eye is know as the Schizochroal eye.
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