The Military Orders
The Soviet government of Russia established the Order of the Battle Red Banner, better-known as the Order of the Red Banner (in Russian:
Orden Krasnogo Znameni) on September 16, 1918 during the Russian Civil War. It continued later on as the award of the Soviet government of the USSR. The USSR established the all-Soviet Order of the Red Banner on August 1, 1924.
During the Russian Civil War there existed similarly-named orders established by the governments of several other constituent and nonconstituent Soviet republics.
The Order of the Red Banner recognised military deeds. Before the establishment of the Order of Lenin on April 6, 1930, the Order of the Red Banner functioned as the highest (and practically the only) military order of the USSR. Practically all well-known Soviet commanders became Cavaliers of the Order of the Red Banner.
The order consisted of a white-enamelled badge, which had a golden Hammer and Sickle badge surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat on a Red Star, backed by crossed hammer, plough, torch and a red flag bearing the motto Proletariats (Workers) of the World, Unite!. This was surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat; at the bottom was the letters 'CCCP' (USSR).
The Order was originally presented as a badge, which was worn on the left chest. A ribbon attachment was added, which consisted of a red ribbon bearing a wide white central stripe and a narrow white stripe on the edges.
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour
On December 28, 1920 Soviet Russia established a distinct order, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, for accomplishments in labor and civil service; the all-Soviet equivalent dates from September 7, 1928.
The order consisted of a silver badge shaped as a
cogwheel, bearing the motto
Proletariats of the World, Unite!. The central disc had the golden
Hammer and Sickle emblem in front of a
factory scene, surrounded by two golden panicles of
wheat. Above it was a
red flag bearing the Russian letters 'CCCP' (for USSR). At the bottom was the
Red Star flanked by golden panicles of wheat.
The badge was worn on the left chest, originally without ribbon, later with a light blue ribbon bearing a dark blue stripe on the edges.
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