Melarsoprol (2-[4-{(4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino}phenyl]-1,3,2-dithiarsolan-e-4-methanol) is a medicinal drug used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. It is also sold under the trade names "Mel B" and "Melarsen Oxide-BAL". Melarsoprol is a highly dangerous treatment, only administered by injection under the supervision of a physician. It causes a range of side effects, among them being convulsions, fever, loss of consciousness, rashes, bloody stools, nausea, and vomiting. It is, in and of itself, fatal in roughly 12% of cases. Eflornithine is a more modern and far less dangerous treatment for sleeping sickness, but is expensive, and not widely available on the market.
