Lidice (Liditz in German) is a village in Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) that was completely eradicated by the Nazis during World War II.
On May 27, 1942, the deputy chief of the Gestapo, Reinhard Heydrich, was on his way to Prague in his capacity as Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, when his motorcade was attacked by two Czech partisans. Five days later Heydrich died, and the Nazis began a massive retaliation campaign against the civilian Czech populace.
The best known of these assaults occurred on June 10. German security police surrounded the village of Lidice, blocking all avenues of escape. The Nazis chose this village because of its residents' known hostility to the occupation and because Lidice was suspected of harboring local resistance partisans. The entire population was rounded up, and all men over sixteen years of age were put in a barn. They were shot the next day. Another nineteen men, who were working in a mine, along with seven women, were sent to Prague, where they were also shot. The remaining women were shipped to the Ravensbrück concentration camp, where about a quarter of them died in the gas chambers or from overwork. The children were taken to the Gneisenau concentration camp, where they were sorted by racial criteria, and those deemed suitable for Aryanization were shipped to Germany, the fates of many of these children remain unknown. The village itself was razed and bulldozed.
A genuine film document, made by a German soldier, survived: it shows laughing Germans taking great pleasure in burning down Lidice. The great joy many German war criminals felt during their actions is something they would not remember after the war.
All together, about 250 people died in the Nazi reprisal in Lidice. The death toll for all victims in the effort to avenge the death of Heydrich is estimated at 1,300.
Although the village Lidice was destroyed completely, it was rebuilt after the war. Soon after the razing of the village, several towns in various countries (such as San Jerónimo-Lídice in Mexico City as well as in Brazil) took upon themselves the name of Lidice, so that the name would live in spite of Hitler's intentions. A neighborhood in Crest Hill, Illinois, was also renamed from Stern Park to Lidice. Lidice also became a woman's name in several countries.
This was not an isolated incident. Many other villages were destroyed in a similar fashion by the Germans, e.g., another Czech village called Ležáky (two weeks after Lidice).
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