Eureka is a small research base on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It is the second-northernmost permanent research community in the world. The only one further north is Alert, which is also on Ellesmere Island. In 2001, it reported a permanent population of 0. The base consists of three areas, the "airport" which includes "Fort Eureka" (the quarters for military personnel maintaining the island's communications equipment), the Environment Canada Weather Station, and the ASTRO Observatory
Eureka was founded on April 11, 1947 as part of a requirement to set up a network of arctic weather stations. On this date 110 tons of supplies were airlifted to a promising spot on Ellesmere Island and five prefabricated Jamesway huts were constructed.
The complex is powered by a 650-kilowatt generator. The station is supplied on a weekly basis with fresh food and mail by air, and annually in the late summer a supply ship from Montreal brings heavy supplies. The settlement sees the midnight sun between April 10 and August 29, and the temperature has never passed 20 deg C (68 deg F).
Other settlements on Ellesmere Island: Alert, Grise Fiord.
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