Edmund Georg Hermann Landau (February 14, 1877 - February 19, 1938) was a German mathematician and author of over 250 papers on number theory.
Landau studied mathematics at the University of Berlin and
received his doctorate in 1899 and his habilitation (the post-doctoral
qualification required in German universities) in 1901.
Landau taught at the University of Berlin from 1899 until 1909 and held
a chair at the University of Göttingen from 1909 until he was forced out
by the Nazi regime in 1933. Thereafter he lectured only outside of
Germany.
In 1903 Landau gave a much simpler proof than was then known of the
prime number theorem and later presented the first systematic
treatment of analytic number theory. He also made important contributions
to complex analysis.
Hardy wrote that no one was ever more passionately devoted to mathematics than Landau. This is amply evidenced by his books on the axiomatic foundations of analysis and number theory.
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