Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis, family Moraceae) is a tree (and its fruit) native to the East Indian and Pacific islands, which has also been widely planted in tropical regions elsewhere.
It was first collected and distributed by Lieutenant William Bligh as one of the botanical samples collected by HMS Bounty in the late 18th century.
Breadfruit is an attractive shade tree, growing to a height of 20 m. The large, thick leaves are, on the same tree, almost entire to deeply cut into pinnate lobes. All parts of the tree yield latex, a milky juice. This latex is used for boat caulking. The trees are monoecious, i.e. with male and female flowers growing on the same tree. The male flowers emerge first, followed shortly afterwards by the female flowers, growing into a capitulum. These can be pollinated three days later. The pollinators are Old World fruit bats (family Pteropodidae). The compound false fruit develops from the swollen perianth and originates from 1,500-2,000 flowers. These are visible on the skin of the fruit as hexagon-like disks.
It is one of the highest-yielding food plants, a single tree producing up to 800 or more fruits per season. The grapefruit-sized ovoid fruit have a rough surface, and each fruit is divided into many achenes, each achene surrounded by a fleshy perianth and growing on a fleshy receptacle. Some selectively-bred cultivars have seedless fruit.
Breadfruits are a staple food in many tropical regions. They are very rich in starch, and before being eaten they are roasted, baked, fried or boiled. The taste is described as potato-like.
See also
Reference
Bligh, W. 1792. A Voyage to the South Sea. For the Purpose of Conveying the Breadfruit Tree to the West Indies in HMS Bounty. George Nicol, London
External links
- A Voyage to the South Sea by William Bligh, 1792, from Project Gutenberg. The full title of Bligh's own account of the famous [[mutiny is: A Voyage to the South Sea, undertaken by command of His Majesty, for the purpose of conveying the bread-fruit tree to the West Indies, in his majesty's ship the Bounty, commanded by Lieutenant William Bligh. Including an account of the Mutiny on board the said ship, and the subsequent voyage of part of the crew, in the ship's boat, from Tofoa, one of the friendly islands, to Timor, a Dutch settlement in the East Indies. The whole illustrated with charts, etc.
- Fruits of Warm Climates: Breadfruit
- Know and Enjoy Tropical Fruit: Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives
- Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae)
