In medicine (cardiology), an atherectomy (pronounced ath"er-EK'to-me) is a procedure to remove atherosclerotic plaque from arteries. Plaque is the buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in an artery's inner lining.
Coronary atherectomy removes plaque from the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle. It uses a laser catheter, or a rotating shaver ("burr" device on the end of a catheter). The catheter is inserted into the body and advanced through an artery to the area of narrowing. Other devices are dissectional catheterectomy, catheters that shave off the plaque, or laser catheters that vaporize the plaque. Balloon angioplasty or stenting may be used after an atherectomy.
Persons with plaque buildups in the carotid arteries or major arteries of the neck are at higher risk for stroke. Carotid endarterectomy is an effective surgical procedure that can help them. It removes the plaque to reduce the risk of stroke.
The decision to use these procedures must be made by a physician.
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